Abstract
Between 1870 and 1920, American manufacturers designed furniture that re-shaped the sensorial experience of office work. To help businesses inculcate efficient practice, furniture re-shaped the posture of employees, programmed their actions, and determined sight lines, soundscapes, and circulation patterns. In the catalogs, textbooks, and trade journals they published, manufacturers gendered and racialized furniture and occupations. By 1920, White-owned businesses adopted methods built upon standard mass-produced furniture that affixed White male clerks to their desks and transferred the responsibility for moving information through the office to middle-class White women. Understanding the historical use of furniture to shape demographics in the twentieth century office opens possibilities and opportunities for new paradigms in workspaces.