Abstract
Healthcare facility retrofit projects are among the most challenging types of construction. Such projects are often disruptive to patients and can cause significant patient safety issues. The aim of this study was to investigate current practices of retrofitting healthcare facilities, with a particular focus on patient safety and energy efficiency. To achieve this, the study followed a systematic approach to investigating the issues involved with retrofitting healthcare facilities. Three case studies were conducted, and data were collected through interviews, shadowing, site visits, and cognitive walkthroughs. Direct observation of retrofit projects was also undertaken to acquire firsthand knowledge of the retrofit process and to explore possible solutions associated with current practices. As more facilities consider the decision to retrofit, it is essential to provide a practical rationale for pursuing retrofit projects that are energy efficient and safe for patients.