Abstract
The school's plans must also be fully integrated with community emergency response plans-including public safety, fire and rescue efforts, and community health and mental health services-as well as be clearly communicated to staff members, parents, and community leaders. The National Association of School Psychologists (NASP), the National Center for School Crisis and Bereavement at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, the U.S. Departments of Education and Homeland security, and other organizations offer resources, technical support, and training. The PREPaRE acronym reflects the components of school crisis response that occur during the four phases of crisis management: prevent and prepare for psychological trauma, reaffirm physical health and perceptions of security and safety, evaluate psychological trauma risk, provide interventions, respond to psychological needs, and examine the effectiveness of crisis prevention and intervention.