Abstract
Energy is one of the essential needs of a functional society. The resources that supply energy are essential to human survival. The intense exploitation of these resources has enabled the development of highly technological societies in the world wealthier countries. With the benefits of energy comes a dilemma. How can we keep providing mankind with energy derived advantages without damaging the environment affecting societal stability or threatening the wellbeing of future generations? The resolution of this dilemma involves finding sustainable energy resources. Many experts view our energy use pathway as unsustainable for long term future, if present growth trends continue. A better future might depend strongly on how individual and institutions choose amongst diverse and potentially contradicting technical, sociological, geopolitical and environmental options and how we set priorities for changing our present courses. Energy production or utilization is often intertwined with consumption of other precious natural resources, such as mineral, forest, water, food and land. Further the everyday use of energy can damage human health and earth’s ecosystem over wide length and timescale. Yet in the developed countries the availability of stable supplies of energy at manageable prices has propelled has propelled economic development and enfranchised most of the populace with mobility and a host of life style which were unimaginable a century ago. Development countries are now dramatically expanding there to extend economic prosperity within their borders. At the same time continued dominance of the world’s energy by fossil fuels is expected to be challenged not by the red herring of scarcity but by concern that emission of fossil derived CO2 and fugitive iv CH4 to the atmosphere will cause serious global climatic modifications. For more sustainable energy future we need to develop a rich set of energy technology and technology intensive policy options. These options include increased efficiency of energy production and use, reduced consumption, a new generation of renewable energy technologies, nuclear options that can retain public acceptance, and means to use fossil fuels in a climate friendly way. If fossil fuel prices rise to include cost of carbon management, consumers may also modify their consumption patterns. Environmental and ethical concerns may also contribute to new attitudes about unconstrained economic growth patterns. Sustainability concepts provide a framework to focus the evaluation of energy technology and policy options and their tradeoffs and to guide the decision making on energy futures. The key to these concepts right is to develop a solid understanding of the multi facet technological, geopolitical, sociological, and the economic impacts of energy use and abuse. This research basically is a review of the “Sustainable Energy Resources” mainly focused on Bio-mass, Hydro-power, Solar and Wind Energy mainly summarizing how is that resources used in energy production, what has been done till now in that field of development and what is the research which is going on in that field of development for future. It also details the meaning of Sustainable and Renewable resources.