Abstract
This systematic review evaluated the behavior-analytic single-case experimental design (SCED) literature on skill acquisition interventions for individuals with non-progressive acquired brain injury (ABI). A total of 55 studies, representing 85 cases and 120 participants, met inclusion criteria. A narrative synthesis summarized intervention, design, and participant characteristics, and a preliminary quantitative analysis using nonoverlap of all pairs (NAP) estimated intervention effects. Most interventions involved reinforcement and antecedent strategies and were implemented in home or rehabilitation settings. Cases with lower NAP scores often involved older participants with non-traumatic injuries, longer post-injury durations, and interventions lacking reinforcement. Although this review identified a sufficient number of studies to support a meta-analysis and several interventions demonstrated promising effects, the extent to which these effects would persist following a rigorous quality appraisal remains uncertain due to significant underreporting of critical methodological variables. These findings highlight the capacity and current limitations of behavior-analytic interventions for skill acquisition following ABI. Future research should conduct quality appraisals to assess which treatments qualify as evidence-based practice and examine reinforcer presence, injury characteristics, and setting as potential moderators of treatment effects. Additionally, researchers are encouraged to adopt transparent reporting practices and advocate for interdisciplinary collaboration to advance the visibility, accessibility, and empirical foundation of behavior-analytic rehabilitation for individuals with ABI.