Abstract
Statement of the Problem In 1970, the United States implemented the Controlled Substances Act in an effort to curtail drug use and abuse and limit public harm from drugs. The Controlled Substances Act serves as the United States’ key drug policy at the Federal level and is the scaffolding for subsequent drug policy. This thesis will serve as a policy analysis for the Controlled Substances Act of 1970 and will examine key components of the policy in determining effectiveness at its stated intentions. The first question addressed is whether or not the Controlled Substances Act has been successful at achieving its stated goals regarding curtailing drug use, and preventing overdoses from drugs. The next question is in regards to the economic costs of the Controlled Substances Act against international alternatives to determine if the policy provides a positive return on investment. Finally, this thesis addresses if the substances of marijuana, MDMA, LSD and psilocybin are appropriately scheduled based on the language of the Controlled Substances Act. Sources of Data This policy analysis utilized a combination of methods to obtain data and analyze the Controlled Substances Act. The first framework utilized was from Gil (1970) which includes a four-step process to a systematic approach to social policy analysis. An additional framework utilized was Bardach’s (2012) eightfold path to more effective problem solving. The policy analysis involved utilizing the text of the Controlled Substances Act, in conjunction with data gathered from academic journals, books, and periodicals to make determinations. Additionally, following the analysis, this author makes recommendations for policy adjustment, and the direction of future research based on an understanding of Kingdon’s Multiple Stream Theory regarding policy development by identifying the three streams required for policy implementation, and Stone’s Policy Paradox for understanding varied perspectives regarding policy implementation through identification of varied perspectives regarding equal enforcement. Conclusions Reached Based on the research, the Controlled Substances Act is not effective at curtailing drug use, abuse, and overdoses. Additionally, the Controlled Substances Act has produced negative externalities as a result of implementation. Further, the Controlled Substances Act is not economically efficient and does not provide a sufficient return on investment in contrast with international alternatives. Finally, based on the scheduling language in the Controlled Substances Act, the substances of marijuana, LSD, MDMA, and psilocybin are overclassified creating additional ramifications including limitations for further research.