Abstract
This phenomenological study explores the self-efficacy of Title 1 middle school math teachers in Northern California during the emergency remote teaching necessitated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Building on Albert Bandura's theory of teacher self-efficacy, the research investigates teachers' capabilities as and their efforts to care for students' mental health and build community in a landscape of separation. In-depth interviews with participating teachers reveal dimensions of self-efficacy related to selecting, prioritizing, implementing, and evaluating new educational resources in real time. The identified themes in this study highlight teachers' struggles with student disconnection. They also highlight challenges of overcoming online learning barriers, and the impact of lack of public support on teacher self-efficacy during the pandemic. Furthermore, themes emphasizing empathy for students' families, addressing emotional needs, and providing support during the transition showcase the compassionate nature inherent in teaching.
The findings uncover the resilience and adaptability of Title 1 middle school math teachers in navigating the unprecedented challenges posed by the pandemic, contributing to a deeper understanding of how teacher self-efficacy can promote positive educational outcomes during crises. Moreover, the study emphasizes the critical role of teacher empathy in fostering students' well-being and sense of belonging, highlighting the importance of addressing both cognitive and affective aspects of education in challenging times. The study also underscores the need for an expanded understanding of teacher self-efficacy, as educators demonstrated their ability to enact transformative changes in their teaching practices under extraordinary circumstances. This broader conceptualization recognizes the crucial role of teachers as change agents and educational resource agents of change, capable of navigating complex educational environments and promoting positive outcomes for their students, even in the face of significant challenges.