This study explored behavioral threat assessment and management practices (BTAM) in California public schools, examining their potential role in addressing disparities in disciplinary outcomes. A quantitative survey of 121 public high school administrators from Northern and Central California was conducted to gather data on implementation practices, administrator attitudes, and disciplinary outcomes. Analyses examined relationships between BTAM practices, administrator attitudes, bias awareness, and suspension disparities. Although several implementation practices were positively correlated, administrators generally demonstrated limited awareness of their districts’ board policies. Increased implementation of BTAM practices was not associated with suspension rate reductions. While findings did not indicate broader adoption promotes more equitable disciplinary outcomes, they highlight the need for enhanced BTAM technical assistance and administrator training across California.
- Can threat assessment implementation practices reduce disproportionate discipline in northern and central California high schools?
- Sheila E Stein
- Stephen E Brock (Advisor)Shelley R Hart (Committee Member)Melissa A Louvar Reeves (Committee Member)
- Graduate and Professional Studies
- Doctorate of Education (EdD); Educational Leadership; California State University, Sacramento; 07/30/2025; 2025
- California State University, Sacramento
- 10/13/2026
- 99258300370701671; https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12741/rep:14424
- Dissertation
- English
- 236