Abstract
Nineteen-nineteen saw an unprecedented wave of female activism unleashed by women who collectively decried the exclusion of “half of humanity” from the peace negotiations. Promises of a new international order rooted in self-determination, popular sovereignty, and social justice served as the catalyst for these women: suffragists, pacifists, labor activists, pan-Africanists, and anticolonialists from Europe, North America, India, Korea, Egypt, China and beyond. Throughout 1919, they congregated in meeting halls and marched in the streets, demanding a voice in the peace negotiations and insisting on representation in democratic states and the new institutions of global governance. In their vision, a just and secure international order depended as much on safeguarding the rights of individuals as it did on facilitating the peaceful coexistence of nations. The result of their activism was an ever-expanding and intersecting network of women’s organizations dedicated to securing gender equality around the world