Abstract
Regular physical activity is widely regarded as playing a large role in obesity prevention and treatment efforts. However, current data suggest that men lose more weight with exercise training than women. Thus, in this chapter we review the impact of exercise on weight loss in men and women, and potential homeostatic (appetite hormones) and non-homeostatic (neuronal responses) explanations of sex differences. The evolving story may influence our view on the impact of exercise on weight loss, and whether a true sex difference exists.