Abstract
In this chapter, I defend the first step of the main argument: if something is human, it has a set of typical human capacities. A more precise way of putting this step is as follows: there is some set, H, of capacities, such that for any individual X, if X is human, then X has H. I defend this step in the face of three main problem areas: the obvious diversity of capacities among normal humans, the nebulous sense in which undeveloped humans have capacities, and the apparent absence of certain capacities among abnormal humans.